An Agentic Framework for Automated Power System Studies and Grid Connection Assessment
MaoXun Huang, Kshitij Kapoor, Eli Louise
Abstract
Connecting new generation and demand to the grid depends on two scarce skills: checking applications against a large, changing body of regulation, and running the network studies that decide where and how a project connects. We present Grid Agents, an AI system that brings both together, and the methodology we use to evaluate it. The Grid Ontology is its knowledge system. It represents the regulation, standards and engineering knowledge that grid work depends on, makes it searchable, and evolves as the agents learn from use. Every answer drawn from it rests on evidence the agents cite. Grid Studio is an agent system specialised for power-system engineering. It works in its own engineering environment with domain tools and a study framework, draws on the Grid Ontology, and relies on established solvers for every number it reports. In both, engineers make the decisions. We bring eight published power-system benchmark families, previously scattered across separate papers, into one suite of 519 tasks, and we verify not only each answer but the work behind it, by replaying the agent's tool calls. The Grid Ontology cites the right regulatory evidence more often than a general coding agent or retrieval pipelines, leads on LegalBench-RAG and ranks first on the public leaderboards of the Enterprise RAG Challenge and ViDoRe V3. Grid Studio scores highest on the 519 power-system tasks and is the fastest of all the systems we compare, both by a statistically significant margin. With an optimiser in the loop, its reinforcement packages cost 33-67% less on average than those the agent designs alone.