Special and General Computational Aesthetics
Ganqing Luo, Chuan Li, Liaoruxing Zhang, Xin Jin
Abstract
Computational aesthetics is a field at the intersection of computer science, artificial intelligence, aesthetics, and other disciplines. As AI has developed, the field has formed relations of inclusion, intersection, or support with computational art, AI art, AI aesthetics, AI-generated content (AIGC), computational creativity, affective computing, and neuroaesthetics. Without distinguishing scope, objectives, and methods, it may be narrowed to image aesthetic quality assessment or expanded into an umbrella term for AI's involvement in art. We analyze its internal structure and its relations with neighboring concepts, and propose a two-level scope: special computational aesthetics (SCA) and general computational aesthetics (GCA). SCA centers on aesthetic measurement and aesthetic process modeling. The former primarily corresponds to "Aesthetic Perception": computationally identifying and representing aesthetic attributes and predicting human aesthetic evaluations; the latter primarily to "Aesthetic Understanding": computationally describing, testing, and explaining how human aesthetic perception and judgment are formed. GCA extends this core to include "Aesthetic Generation," namely artistic generation guided by computational aesthetic models. Some computational aesthetic tasks can also use non-AI methods. Research in this scope using AI algorithms and models we define as AI aesthetics, which may involve the special core and the general extension. "Aesthetic Generation" intersects with AIGC, AI art, and computational creativity, but belongs to the general extension defined here only when computational aesthetic models substantively constrain, guide, or optimize artwork generation. We also draw on Feng Peng's discussion of the computability of beauty, aesthetic experience, and art as a theoretical reference for clarifying boundaries between computational aesthetics and related concepts.