TreePIN$^{2}$: Tree-Prior Initialized Neural Networks
Yanrong Wang, Qiming Sun, Haoyang Chen
Abstract
Fitted decision trees provide predictive knowledge for neural network initialization. We present Tree-Prior Initialized Neural Networks (TreePIN$^{2}$), a method that translates split rules, decision paths and leaf predictions into initial network weights and biases for classification and regression. Sigmoid units encode split responses, hidden units combine them along decision paths, and leaf predictions initialize the output layer. We calibrate split softness using local training margins, sample support and impurity reduction, relating the initial responses to the data at each node. All weights and biases remain trainable, allowing gradient-based optimization to refine the transferred decisions and their combinations. Across six classification and six regression tasks with twenty paired seeds, TreePIN$^{2}$ improves mean initial and early validation performance over initialization baselines on most tasks. After fifty epochs, it achieves the best or tied-best mean validation performance among the six compared methods on ten tasks. Paired ablations show how split calibration and leaf-informed output initialization contribute to the starting predictor and its subsequent learning.