Spatial-Spectral Interactive POCS Network for Large-Gap Seismic Data Interpolation
Baisong Jiang, Chunxia Zhang, Anxiang Di, Xiaoli Wei, Xiangyu Zhao, Deng Xiong, Chuangji Meng
Abstract
Large gaps in seismic acquisition disrupt reflection events and hinder spectral recovery. Existing seismic interpolation deep unfolding networks primarily rely on localized spatial priors, limiting their ability to aggregate the global context necessary for reconstructing these extensive missing regions. We propose a spatial-spectral interactive projection-onto-convex-sets network (SSI-POCS) to tackle this severely ill-posed problem. By unfolding the classical iterative solver, our network integrates physical consistency with dual-domain deep priors via learned transforms, soft thresholding, and exact data reinsertion. Within the learned prior, a spatial Restormer branch captures local waveform structures, while a fast Fourier convolution (FFC) branch extracts global context, effectively suppressing incoherent components and enhancing spectral energy concentration in the $f-k$ domain. A dual-domain fusion module exchanges these complementary features via bidirectional channel attention and gated modulation, yielding substantial interpolation improvements. To overcome the severe loss of lateral continuity caused by large gaps, we introduce structural similarity (SSIM) supervision, complemented by focal frequency loss (FFL) and transform consistency constraints to suppress incoherent high-frequency components and regularize training. Experiments on a synthetic salt dome and a North Sea field dataset under 50% random and consecutive trace removal demonstrate the effectiveness of SSI-POCS. It significantly enhances event continuity across large gaps and mitigates artifacts, achieving a 3.285~dB SNR improvement over the best competing method while reducing parameters by 75.66%.