Reading Beyond OCR Noise: Robust Cross-Lingual RAG for Legislative Archives
Radha Krishna Deshpande, Ajoy Mondal, Akash Manna, C V Jawahar
Abstract
India's historical public archives present severe computer vision and document image analysis challenges: decades of parliamentary records survive only as degraded, multi-column scanned pages featuring mixed scripts, complex layouts, and dense visual noise where OCR failure is the primary obstacle to information retrieval. We present an end-to-end framework that couples vision-based layout segmentation and multi-script OCR with an agentic retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipeline. Our approach specifically addresses how visual degradation and layout fragmentation propagate into text extraction errors, using an iterative agentic loop to navigate around OCR noise and layout ambiguities before generating answers. Evaluated on the 200,000-page Punjab Vidhan Sabha archive, our system demonstrates robust handling of historical document degradation, outperforming standard text-only baselines.