K-OPSD: Verifiable On-Policy Self-Distillation for Post-Training Vision-Language Models on AEC Drawings
Yunfei Bai, Enrico Chionna, Akash Amol, Kawaljit Singh KC, Joern Tinnemeyer
Abstract
Interpreting architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) drawings is hard for general Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs). We introduce K-OPSD, a VLM post-training methodology for improving AEC drawing understanding. Building on On-Policy Self-Distillation (OPSD) with verifiable supervision, we construct a teacher from the model's own best-of-N generations, certified by a process-level verifier, and rescue failed prompts by resampling under a hint that exposes the verified answer. We then perform an on-policy model update by training on verified completions with a cross-entropy inner-loss, outperforming the bounded token-wise generalized Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD) used by on-policy distillation. Using K-OPSD, we fine-tune Qwen3-VL models on the AECV-Bench dataset. The resulting models attain the top average judge score (0.819) and combined accuracy (0.738), achieving competitive results against open-source baseline models. The recipe transfers to the out-of-domain ArchCAD dataset, where the 8B model gains most. We present the verifier suite and the continual learning and self-improving pipeline, our results provide preliminary evidence that verifier-guided self-distillation is a promising route toward more reliable machine reading of architecture drawings.