Low-Rank Single-Index Bandits with Unknown Links: From Matrices to Tensors
Zhongxuan Liu, Yue Kang, Thomas C. M. Lee
Abstract
Low-rank matrix and tensor bandits exploit structured interactions but typically assume a known reward link. Recent single-index bandit methods accommodate unknown links without directly exploiting matrix or tensor rank. We address this gap by studying stochastic matrix and tensor bandits with an unknown shared Lipschitz link and a low-rank index parameter under known regular candidate distributions and finite-variance noise. For monotone links, T-ESTOR combines robust, rank-adaptive Stein estimation with epoch-based greedy selection. Under exact selected-score access and a uniformly positive selected-design Stein signal, it achieves square-root regret with dimension dependence determined by the low-rank structure. For every admissible design, the monotone lower bound matches the rank, dimension, and horizon dependence up to logarithmic factors at large horizons, for fixed menu size and model/design constants. For nonmonotone links under a nonzero base-law Stein signal, T-BSTOR combines structured estimation with robust bin-based learning and attains the optimal $\widetilde{O}(T^{2/3})$ horizon rate for fixed dimensions, menu size, and model/design constants. Synthetic and CCLE-based experiments illustrate the benefits of structured estimation relative to vectorized and competing single-index baseline methods.