HeroFrame-Bench: Reference-Anchored Evaluation via Rubric--Ranking Co-Evolution for Movie Hero Frame Selection
Weitai Kang, Hanieh Deilamsalehy, Yumo Xu, Dewang Sultania, Serdar Cellat, Yan Yan
Abstract
Hero frames are in-film stills used as source imagery for theatrical posters, streaming cover art, film database listings, and other promotional placements. As the first visual entry point, they shape audiences' initial impressions of the movie and their subsequent willingness to watch it. Selecting these frames, a task we term hero frame selection, requires balancing content relevance with aesthetic appeal. A related task is keyframe selection, yet its benchmarks prioritize relevance over aesthetics, using either finite annotations that exclude valid alternatives or VideoQA that entangles selection quality with downstream model capability. We therefore introduce HeroFrame-Bench, built through a scalable VLM-as-a-Judge framework. We construct multimodal contexts from diverse metadata to ground a VLM judge that scores selected frames using our Reference-anchored Percentile. The percentile is obtained by inserting each frame into reusable, pre-ranked reference chains, enabling direct, extensible, and reliable evaluation. To reduce ambiguity and improve consistency in these subjective judgements, we further propose Rubric-Ranking Co-Evolution, which generates movie-specific rubrics to condition the VLM judge and refines rubrics jointly with the resulting rankings. Within this process, we introduce several verifiable signals, most notably the Inverted Rubric Attack, to select robust rubrics. Finally, HeroFrame-Bench is instantiated over 204 movies with 2,031 reference chains and 1,970 learned rubrics. We build an annotation interface for human-alignment studies which show that our construction design improves VLM agreement with human from 77.56% to 83.78%. Evaluation on multiple methods show that hero frame selection remains challenging.