Robust Industrial Cyber Physical Classification Using Neuromorphic Temporal Embeddings and Hybrid SNN XGBoost Under Machine Unlearning Attacks
Ammar Kamoona, Sajad Koushkbaghi, Mahdi Jalili, Peter McTaggart, Xinghuo Yu
Abstract
The digitalisation of electrical distribution networks has increased the exposure of power-grid infrastructure to cyber attacks. Existing intrusion detection systems (IDSs), however, often rely on computationally expensive deep learning models that are difficult to deploy at the edge. Periodic retraining also exposes these systems to machine unlearning attacks, where selective data removal can degrade detection performance. We propose a hybrid Spiking Neural Network (SNN) and XGBoost architecture that combines efficient temporal encoding with a lightweight classifier and provides structural resilience to such attacks. The SNN is trained once on clean data and used as a fixed feature extractor, while only the XGBoost classifier is retrained during model updates. Evaluated on two real-world public power-system datasets, the proposed method achieves 99.9\% accuracy (F1-macro 0.999) on the Synchrophasor dataset and 95.0\% accuracy (F1-macro 0.943) on the MSU/ORNL dataset, outperforming standalone baselines. Under selective label-flipping attacks, the hybrid model loses only 0.9\% F1-macro at 10\% poisoning and delays target-class collapse from 60\% to 70\% poisoning compared with raw models. These results demonstrate that neuromorphic temporal encoding can provide both accurate cyber-attack detection and improved resilience to data poisoning in cyber-physical systems.